Motion-picture apparatus for projectors and cameras.



S. BAIIUY. MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS FOR PROIECTORS AND CAMERAS. APPLICATION FILED APR. 3. I9I6 Witnesses;

Htorney.

s. HARDY. MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS FOR PHOJECTORS AND CAMERAS. 1,258,298.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 3. 1916.

Patented Mar. 5, 1918.

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Rttorney ya MW S. BAHDY. MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS FOR PROJECTORS AND CAMERAS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 3. |916. 1,258,298. I Patented Mar. 5, 1918.

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8. BARDY. Y MOTION PICTURE APPARATUS FOR PROJECTORS AND CAMERAS.

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Patented Mar. 5, 1918.

UNITED .srATEs PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL BARD'Y, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

MOTION-PICTURE APPARATUS FOR PROJECTORS AND CAMERAS.

T o all whom it may concern:

Be ,it known thatV I, SAMUEL BARDY. a citizen of the'United States, residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Motion-Picture Apparatus for Projectors and Cameras, of which the following is a specification, refer- *ence being madeto the accompanying drawl .crease the life of the film.

' Fourth o secure a series of stationary illuminations upon the moving film in a camera.

Fifth z-To secure upon a screenv a series of stationary uniform illuminations through a continuously moving film.

Sixt-h:*-To.secure a blending of one unit image into another Iwithout interruption, flash or Ablur thereby securing natural pro- `duction of motion upon the screen far superior to anything now in use.

Seventh:-By introducingconditions which. permit of the use of lenses of much larger dimensions for the-rotating series of lenses than the size of the picture or the aperture resulting in much more intense illumination and effective projection.

Eighth To secure a continuous uniform speed of the film, synchronously with the rorating lenses, during operation ,and eliminating wear and tear on the film and thereby increasing its life.

I am aware that patents have been issued having optically compensated continupusly moyed films but prior to my improvement no such devices have been free from naechanism admitting of play or give andy Neitheramrl aware of any method by Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 5, 1918.

Application filed April 3, 1916. Serial No. 88,591.

which the light is subdivided linto beams prior to passing through the film in such a way that the respective parts of illumination remain constant in 'intensity and stationary `upon the screen without regard to the motions of the various parts of my device and the running of the film, as hereinafter shown and illustrated.

Other objects and advantages of my ap# paratus will be apparent upon examining my specifications. l

I attain these objects by the mechanism shown in the accompanying drawings` given for illustrative purposes but not to limit myv invention and in which similar numbers res fer tosimilar parts throughout the respective cylindrical drum (13) revolving upon a com! mon axle (15) to which both the lens drum and the sprocket, which operates the' film. are rigidly fixed thereby securing perfect synchronism. (16) are adjustable shutter blades to equalize and control the light.

Fig. 9, shows lens (4) on the out side of revolving lens series (6) rather than on the inside as shown in the previous figure. The result is same in either case.

Fig. 10 shows a division of lens (4) into two lenses of' weaker Strength which are respectively (4b), situated behind lens series (6), and (4c), situated in front of said lens series (G). The result in this case is same as when single lens (4) is used.

Fig. 11 is the operators side view the lamp house omitted.

Fig. 12 shows top plan with parts omitted which would otherwise obscure view-of certain essential parts.

Fig. 13 is an application of my' device omitting the reflectors 7 and 8.

VFig. 14 illustrates the loopin of the film as a mechanical substitution in t 1e use of my device without redectors.

Figs. 15-16 and 17 show variations in position and modification of the movable series of lenses (ti.) I

with

Fig.. 18 illustrates the top view of Fig.

roo

. Fig. 19 shows variation o the position of the optically dividing scheme behind the ard system of projection lenses, naturally forms the image of the halves of the two pictures on the screen.

In -F ig. 2 I divide the illumination beasses through the aperture (1) and film (2) by a method shown in Fig. 7, so

that the illumination of the top segment of picture area of film (2) is broughtup to be refracted by the top part of lens (3) in such manner that the rays will be retracted by the top part of lens (4).

Y And 1n like manner the illumination of the bottom segment ofl picture area of film (2) is brought down to be refracted by the lower part of lens (3) in such manner that the `rays will be refracted by the bottom part of lens (4). The resulting image on the screen will be the same in either case whether projected as in Fig. 1 or'as in Fig. 2 according tothe well knownI principle of lenses.

It will be observed that the previously divided rays of light from the upper segment of picture area on film in Fig. 1 are brought to the lower part of lens (4") while in Fig. 2 said rays, having been divided by my scheme, shown yin Fig. 7 are brought to' the topfpart of lens (4) and the lower segment o picture area on ilm in Fig. 1 is brought to the upper part of lens (4*) while in Fig. 2 said rays are brought to the bottom part of lens (4): Another dierence noted is that incase of Fig. 1 the rays from upper and lower segments are always in close proximity, while in Fig. 2 the rays from the .upper and lower segments are widelyseparated so that the rays from each respective segment will pass properly through their respective lenses of the movable series (6) which will beexplained later in more detail.

, InFg. 1 and Fig. 2 the image on screen (5)v consists of halves of two plctures since ha ves of two picture segments are in the are crossed in order to reach their respective aperture' (1). By examining Fig. 2 Inonotice that the rays` after passing lens (4f) segment of image\on screen. My invention consists essentially of a method of preventing this said crossing of the rays and thereby reversing the relative position occupied 20 shows the mechanical operation of.

-lens (6") being the same strength as lens ('41). The rays which would otherwise be crossed en faute to the screen become widely divergent, and I have segments in such re'- lation to each that only a gap between prevents vthat would otherwise form a complete picture. l

Fig. 4 shows the method of juxtaposing 80 thetwonsegments on screen by combining the effect of lens (4*) of Fig. l2 withl the two lenses (6*) of Fig. 3 in such proportions as to eliminate the gap between the segments on screen in Fig. 3. rlhe lenses (4) and (6) 85 Fig. 4 have a combined strength equal to (6a) Fig. 3, and the focal length of the combined lenses of Fig. 4 is equal to (4) of Fig. 1. y f

In series of lenses like (6) of Fig. 4 mov- 90 ing synchronously and in the same general direction with the moving film, with a separate lens (6) taking care of each segment of picture areas of the film aperture, by being opposite the film aperture when there is a complete picture in front of aperture, compensating for the motion of the film, secures a complete picture on screen at all times thus eliminating the use of the shutter, of the ordinary machine, which causes the flicker.

Merely having a series of moving lenses to compensate for the film motion, cannot answer the purpose, however, unless the mov'- able series of lenses (6) move steadily without vibration and in a continuous motion, absolutely synchronously with the moving film, and in order to attain these results, I. make use of certain optical and mechanical parts and combinations now described, as

well as the method of dividing the light cone emanating from the lamp-house (101) -a .of Fig. 12.

Lenses (10) are preferably ground from one 12 5 piece of glass, side views of same are shown in Figs. 56-7-1113, and top view with top cut a/way in Fig.- 12.,

The light after being reflected by mirror (11) Figs. 11 and 12 paes through station-` l30 ary lens (12) then through movable series lenses-,(10) through stationary aperture (9) then through film aperture (l) and film,

and then is reflected again at right angles screen upon which the image is projected.

The movable series of'concave cylindrical lenses (10) Fig. 11 (at the side which in- 'tercept the light rays) moves in the opposite direction tothe movementy of the film viz: The film moves in a downward direction while the concave series of lenses (10) nearest the aperture (9) (the active portions of the lenses' (10) intercepting the light) move upward. The directions of movements of both are indicated by arrows in Figs. 5 6- 7-11-13. The movement of the lilm is produced by the large feed sprocket (14) straighten out the film :for proper projec- A tion, and also cause some Vresistance to lts passage past the aperture. The film. (2) Fig. 11 is then brought under the roller (126) which acts as the framing device, and

then to the large sprocket (14) at the point where roller (56a) bears upon` it. Roller the rotary series of lenses (6) on drum (13) move synchronously with the film, because I arbitrarily place the same number oflenses (G) on drum (13) as the number of pictures that would move past the hlm aperture (1) during one complete revolution of the large sprocket (14). e

I preferably have a sixteen picture sprocket for sprocket (14) that is sixteen pictures would be propelled past the tilm aperture (1) with one complete lrevolution of the sprocket. (The conventional size sprocket is a four picture one).

Since I have a sixteen picture sprocket (14) I must necessarily have sixteen lenses (6) upon drum By moving crank (19) Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 (which propels shaft (15) upon which sprocket (14) and drum (13) are attached) at the rate of one turn persecond, which is the commonly used speed of crank, I get the standard sixteen pictures per second past aperture (l). I do not, however, limit myself to sixteen as the number of lenses (6) upon the i drum (13) and `the corresponding numberA of pictures per revolution. Thus has been shown how the 'ilm` moves synchronously with the movable series of lenses (6) on drum (13), and the operation of the novel `framing device, and by examining Fig. 11 and Figi 12 I seethe movable series of concave cylinder lenses (10) movein the opposite direction to the movement of the ilm and synchronously with it.

lUpon shaft (15) are attached the sprocket wheel with chain gear (20) and the drum (13)- lUpon shaft (124) (which bears concave cylindrical series of lenses) is fixed chain gear sprocket wheel (21) with sprocket 20 which is connected by chain (22), not shown in F ig. 12 as it would obscure some parts of the drawings. 'Ihe arrows indicate the di- (126) (in framing the picture) is either ,against a smooth, portion yof the revolving raised or lowered by means of 'lever (25) upon fulcrum (24). This method oit framing obviates4 the necessity of adding eXtra l gears to accomplish the same result, which gears would be productive of vibration.

`Smce rotary series of lenses (6) upon c vpart of axle. (81) purpose of said spring being to counteract and prevent any variation of motion in the running of ,parts by momentum. A

rl`he film (2) is attached to sprocket (14) by means of roller (56a) then looped and lindrical drum (13) is attached to same axle then attached to bottom take-up sprocket (15) which bears the sprocket (14') (front (45) which absorbs all strain and tension view is vshown in Fig. 8) and by referring of the pulling ot bottom terminal film reel againto Fig. 11,. it can be seen that the rotary series oie lenses (6) (on the side which (61) of lower magazine (62) and attached intercept the raysv of light) move downward to terminal reel (63).

and consequently in the same direction andy substantially parallel with the hlm (2) nate the variable strain of the feed (60) and though at a greater speedithan the moveterminal (63) tilinreels and the large ment of the tilm, because the lenses are resprocket (14) bearsonly the uniform tenvolvedupon a circle which diameter is much sion of the portion of the film moving past greater than the diameter or' the large the hlm aperture thereby increasing steadisprocket (14) which propels the hlm, but ness.

(63). 'l`he film is passed through tire valve 'Ehe extra sprockets (54) and (45) climi.y

. has gear (95) attached, Fig. 12.

position of Gear (95) operates idler gear (50) upon shaft (52).

Idler (50) operates gear (55) upon shaft (57) to whichtop-eed sprocket (54) is at-f `tached upon bearing support (53).

This same idler' (50) also operates gear (46) upon shaft (41') upon which sprocket (45) is attached, upon bearing support This same shaft (41) also revolves pulley (48), which in turn revolves pulley (100) Fig. 12 by means of belt (49) ,Fig.'11, (only as dashed lines in Fig. 12.) Pulley (100) revolvesshaft (99) to which gear (98) is attached. Gear (98) revolves gear 97) which contributes its motion to shaft 96 which propelsbottom film roll (63) Fig. 13. In Fig. 12 is illustrated the motion of gear (97) contributed to shaft (96) thioughthe medium of. a sprin 'which presses upon a collar' attached tos aft (96), which 1s the conventional method of causingshaft (96) to slip Whenthe limit of tension, it can bear, is exceeded. j I use the interception of the two gears (98) and (97) in order to reverse the mo- Upon shaft (41) Fig. 11 is also4 attached gear (47) which operates gear (40) lupon shaft (51) to which is attached /gear (39) and fly-wheel (38) Iupon bearin (37).

Gear (39) revolves gear (42- to which shaft (35)v is attached, upon bearing (36). S ring overnor (94) Fig. 12 is propelled byslllaft 35) and when a certain speed is reached it lies'out and presses against casing (34) which pulls on lever (33)l which operates another lever (32) upon axle (30) which operates tire shutter (31). The tire shutter -(31) can be seen in Fig. y11 is omitted from view in Fig. 12.

The lamp-house (101) Fig. 12, may be used in the projection of regular stereoptican views on slides by switching the light from arc (102) tol rojection lens (115) by means of mirro41:` 113) when it takes the 11 dashed lines, which deflect the light at right angles. v

he operation of the mirror (113) is accomplished 'by means of a. .lever (121).

When lever (121) takes the position of' 121l mirror (113)` takes the-position of ,113'L Posts (119) and (120) limit the,

motion of the lever (121).

In Figs. 5-6-7-11-12the-prisms .(7)

* and (8) are used merelyfto change thedi? rection ofthe rays and should not be con- `idered in the optical scheme, as theycan be omitted as shown in Fi 13-18 and 19. I do not restrict myse f'to having lens (4) behind movable series (6). Lens (4) malbe in front of the series lenses (6) as. in `g. 9 or lens (4) may be separated into which is indicated by two elements having one in b'ack andv one in front as in Fig. 10. The movable series of lenses (10) behind picture divides up the light conewas shown in Figs. .ry-(Fa Fig. 5 illustrates a complete picture of ilm (2). infront of aperture (1). having correspondingly a vcomplete lens element of 'series I(10) and a complete lens element of series (6) all in optical alinement. The action in this case is the same as with a regular projection lens. v

Fig. 6 illustratesa relative position with one quarter of the top picture exposed,.and one' quarter otr the bottom picture correspondingly cut oil', and the sum of these two segments form a complete picture on the screen by the actions of the movable series of lenses (10) moving in conjunction and synchronously with the series of lenses (6) and the film (2). lSeries of movable lenses i (6) and film (2) as seen in Figs. 5--6-7 having a downward motion while series of lenses (10) move upward.

In Fig. 7 I- have two halves of adjacent pictures on the moving film (2) in front of aperture (1) and correspondingly the halves of two moving lenses of ((10) in front .of

aperture l(9) and series of movable lenses (6) in a corresponding synchronous relation.

' Gears (17) operate the adjustable properly formed shutter blades (16) equalizing by partially obstructing the light near the optical center where itis slightly stronger Fig. 5 than when projected through the optical edges as in Figs. 6 and 7. ,A

Lens (12). and the movable series (l0) divide the light cone from the lamp-house, and after the light cones are reconstructed by the series of lenses (3) (4) and series (6) in front of the film, the relative positionl of the rays, as indicated b the letters A'-B-C-D, as shown on mirror (11) and on screen (5) are the same without regard to the position of the movable elements igs. 5 6 and 7.

There would be anoticeable flicker if there was` a shifting of the rays, since the light passing through the central part ofthe condenser, as indicated by letter (C) is slightly stronger -than the mar a1 rays (A and D).

It will be observe (9)- the object of-.the latterbemg, tocontrol the amount of light at the line of de-I l marcation between the two pictures -Fi 6 and 7 and is the entire width Yof the picture area. 'on film. If it is smaller there willbe a dark line of demarcation between the juxtaposed-v' 11D8. B, OIl Screen be smaller. ,than` 5 as above illustrated, provides'v i uivalent to the' and vbottoniofimage'e? Aperture (1) 'must notf ian for mirrors (7) and (8) to introduce within p the drum of my mechanism the image of the `cated in Fig.14 and specifically demonstrated in Fig. 13.

Figs. 15-16 and 17 show variations and combinations for effecting the same result as specifically illustrated in Fig. 13.

In Fig. 18`t-he light from the lamp-house is reflected by mirror (1142*) to mirror (11) thence through lens (12) and series of lens 10). The separated cones then pass through film (2) to the refractive system lenses (3) and (4) and movable series (6) (see also Fig. 20) and then on to the screen.

Gear (125) on axis (15) is attached to the inside of the drum (13) carrying the series of lenses y(6) and operates also gear (126) rigidly attached to the axis (124) carrying 'series of lenses (10). Said gear (125) is operated by gear (127) which controls the movement of the film (2) by means of .sprocket (14).

Friction spring (136) pressing against (drum (137) on axis (15) eliminates any possible backlmotion of drum (13) due to the enga 'ng of the respective gears.

Gear (1130) on axle (15A) operates, as shown by the illustration, gear (129) which ytransmits its motion to gear (127) and also gear (130) operates gear (132) controlling thfe bottom take-'up sprocket (45) passing the film onI to the lower reel and also operates gear'(139) attached to gear (138) by a chain/which in turn operates top speed sprocket (54) drawing the film (2) from the upper reel not shown in this illustration.

In Fig. 19 is illustrated the device having the light separated between the mirrors (11) and (127) and admits ofmore freedom in operating the optical dividing system be- [hind the film (2).

For illustrative purposes in the drawings I use simple lenses, but in practice, each lens is acombination of a convex and concave element and of certain shapes, &c., for correction of chromatic, spherical and stig- `matic aberrations.

Also I do not wish to restrict myself to any particularV form of gearing, or connecting devices, and that I am at liberty to make any slight changes, without departing from the spirit of my invention.

After having described my device, I make the following claims:

1. In a motion picture machine the combination with means for continuously moving the f ilm, an optical ray directing means comprising fixed and movable lenses which affect the rays between their source and the film aperture, a projection lens system comprising fixed projection lenses and a movable series of corrected convex lenses, fixed y bination with means for continuously moving the film, an optical ray directing means, comprising fixed and movable lenses which affect the rays between their source and the film aperture, a projection lens system comprising fixed projection lenses and a movable series corrected convex lenses, xed upon a revolving drum with its axis of rotation at right angles to the general path of the rays it affects, means for moving said drum of lenses, at the ray affectin side, in the same general direction as the plane refiecting means fon altering the course of rays laterally, means for operating the movable parts in synchronous relation and means for equalizing the intensity of the refracted illumination.

3. In av motion picture machine the combination with means for continuously moving a film, an optical ray directing means comprising a fixed convex lens system and a revolving series of concave lenses and fixed pla-ne reflecting means between the source of the rays andthe film aperture. said revolvingseries of concave lenses, at the ray lafi'ecting side. being movable in an essentially opposite direction to the film movement, a projection lens system comprising fixed projection lenses and a movable series of corrected convex lenses, fixed iipon a revolving drumy with its axis of rotation at right angles to the general path of the rays it affects, the lenses on said drum, at the ray affecting side. being movable in the same general direction as the film, fixed plane refiecting means for altering the course of rays lm, fixed 4 laterally, means for operating the movable parts in synchronous relation.` 1./

4. In a motion picture machine the com- .bination with means for continuously movaffecting side being movable in an essentially opposite direction to the film movement, a projection lens system J,comprisingfixed projection lenses and a movable series of corrected convex lenses, fixed upon a revolving drum with its axis of rotation at right angles to the general path of the rays 'it affects, the lenses on Said drum, at the ray affecting side. being movable in the same general/direction as the film, fixed plane rewith lectin means for 4altering the course of rays latera y, means for operating the movable parts in synchronous relation and means for equalizing the intensity 'of the refracted illumination.

5. In a motion picture'machine the combination with means for continuously moving a film, an optical ray directing system comprising a fixed convex lens system and a revolvin series of concave lenses with fixed plane re ectingmeans, a projection lens system comprising fixed and movable projection lenses with means for equalizing the intensity ofthe refracted illumination, and means for operating the movable parts in synchronous relation substantially as described and for the purposes set forth.

. 6. In a motion picture machine the combination With'means for continuously moving the ilm, a projection lens system comprisinxfixed andmovable projection lenses for equalizing the intensity of the refracted illummation, an optical ray directing sysprsing fixed ed plane reflecting diverters, means y xed plane reflecting means located between the source of light and the film aperture, said revolving series of concave lenses, at the ray afectmg side, movable in an essentially opposite directlon to the film movement and means for operating the movable parts in synchronous relation.

7. In a .motion picture. apparatus the combination with 'means for continuously moving the ilm, ray directing means compris' fixed .and movable o tical elements locate `between the source o light and the film aperture, a` rojection lens system comand) movable projection lenses, means for operatin all the movable parts in synchronous re ation and means for equalizing the intensity of refracted illummation consistin of two properly formed shutter blades which operate by partially vobstructing the stronger centrally refracted rays substantially as described.

` SAMUEL BARDY.

Witnesses: f' l ALLEN B. CLEMENT, ARTHUR H. SCHERER. 

